A.2.1 Define the Terms: Database Management System (DBMS) and Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

1. Database Management System (DBMS)

Definition:

A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software application that enables users to create, manage, and interact with databases. It provides tools for storing, retrieving, updating, and organizing data in a systematic and secure manner.

Features:

1. Data Storage and Retrieval:

   • Facilitates structured data storage and efficient retrieval.
   • Example: A DBMS can store customer records, product inventories, or sales transactions.

2. User Access Control:

   • Allows administrators to control who can access or modify data.

3. Data Security:

   • Protects sensitive data using authentication, encryption, and permissions.

4. Backup and Recovery:

   • Ensures data is not lost due to system failures or errors.

Examples:

• SQLite
• Microsoft Access
• MongoDB (NoSQL database)

2. Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

Definition:

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of DBMS that organizes data into tables (relations), where data is stored in rows (tuples) and columns (attributes). Relationships between tables are established using keys (primary and foreign keys).

Features:

1. Structured Data Storage:

   • Data is stored in predefined tables, making it highly organized.
   • Example: A customers table with columns for name, email, and city.

2. Relationships Between Tables:

   • Tables can be connected via keys, enabling complex queries.
   • Example: An orders table references a customers table to associate orders with customers.

3. Use of SQL:

   • RDBMS uses Structured Query Language (SQL) for data manipulation and querying.
   • Example: SELECT * FROM customers WHERE city = 'New York';

4. Data Integrity:

   • Enforces rules like primary keys, foreign keys, and constraints to maintain accuracy and consistency.
   • Example: Preventing duplicate entries in a primary key column.

Examples:

• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• Oracle Database
• Microsoft SQL Server

Key Differences Between DBMS and RDBMS